Sunan Abu Dawud Hadith No 2272 - Sunan Abu Dawud 2272

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Sunan Abu Dawud

chapter_name of Sunan Abu Dawud is from Chapter No. 1, chapter_name, written by Abu Dawud Al-Sijistani. This chapter contains 000 hadiths, specifically hadiths about The chapter_name. The Sunan Abu Dawud collection encompasses a total of fifty-two chapters and 4800 hadiths.

Chapter Name

Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq)

Book Name

Sunan Abi Dawud by Abu Dawud Al-Sijistani

Book Writer

Abu Dawud Al-Sijistani

Chapter No

Numbers Of Hadith In Chapter

138

Translation

Arabic, english and urdu

Aishah wife of the Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said “Marriage in pre Islamic times was of four kinds. ” One of them was the marriage contracted by the people today. A man asked another man to marry his relative (sister or daughter) to him. He fixed the dower and married her to him. Another kind of marriage was that a man asked his wife when she became pure from menstruation to send fro so and so and have sexual intercourse with him. Her husband kept himself aloof and did not have intercourse with her till It became apparent that she was pregnant from the man who had intercourse with her. When it was manifest that she was pregnant, her husband approached her if he liked. This marriage was called istibda’ (to utilize man for intercourse for a noble birth). A third kind of marriage was that a group of people less than ten in number entered upon a woman and had intercourse with her. When she conceived gave birth to a child and a number of days passed after her delivery, she sent for them. No one of them could refuse to attend and they gathered before her. She said to them “You have realized your affair. I have now given birth to a child. And this is your son. O so and so. She called the name of anyone of them she liked and the child was attributed to him. A fourth kind of marriage was that many people gathered together and entered upon a woman who did not prevent anyone who came to her. They were prostitutes. They hoisted flags at their doors which served as a sign for the one who intended to enter upon them. When she became pregnant and delivered the child, they got together before her and called for the experts of tracing relationship from physical features. They attributed the child to whom they considered and it was given to him. The child was called his son and he could not deny. When Allah sent Muhammad صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as a Prophet, he abolished all kinds of marriages prevalent among the people of the pre Islamic times except of the Muslims practiced today.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ أَنَّ النِّكَاحَ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَاءٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانَ مِنْهَا:‏‏‏‏ نِكَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَلِيَّتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْكِحُهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا:‏‏‏‏ أَرْسِلِي إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَاسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي تَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانَ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ يُسَمَّى نِكَاحَ الِاسْتِبْضَاعِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَنِكَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ كُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ لَيَالٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَتَقُولُ لَهُمْ:‏‏‏‏ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ وَهُوَ ابْنُكَ يَا فُلَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَتُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَنِكَاحٌ رَابِعٌ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْكَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ لَا تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَاءَهَا وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَى أَبْوَابِهِنَّ رَايَاتٍ يَكُنَّ عَلَمًا لِمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا وَدَعَوْا لَهُمُ الْقَافَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَاطَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَدُعِيَ ابْنَهُ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَدَمَ نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كُلَّهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا نِكَاحَ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ الْيَوْمَ .

محمد بن مسلم بن شہاب کہتے ہیں کہ عروہ بن زبیر نے مجھے خبر دی ہے کہ ام المؤمنین عائشہ رضی اللہ عنہا نے انہیں بتایا کہ زمانہ جاہلیت میں چار قسم کے نکاح ہوتے تھے: ایک تو ایسے ہی جیسے اس زمانے میں ہوتا ہے کہ ایک شخص دوسرے شخص کے پاس اس کی بہن یا بیٹی وغیرہ کے لیے نکاح کا پیغام دیتا ہے وہ مہر ادا کرتا ہے اور نکاح کر لیتا ہے۔ نکاح کی دوسری قسم یہ تھی کہ آدمی اپنی بیوی سے حیض سے پاک ہونے کے بعد کہہ دیتا کہ فلاں شخص کو بلوا لے، اور اس کا نطفہ حاصل کر لے پھر وہ شخص تب تک اپنی بیوی سے صحبت نہ کرتا جب تک کہ مطلوبہ شخص سے حمل نہ قرار پا جاتا، حمل ظاہر ہونے کے بعد ہی وہ چاہتا تو اس سے جماع کرتا، ایسا اس لیے کیا جاتا تھا تاکہ لڑکا نجیب ( عمدہ نسب کا ) ہو، اس نکاح کو نکاح استبضاع ( نطفہ حاصل کرنے کا نکاح ) کہا جاتا تھا۔ نکاح کی تیسری قسم یہ تھی کہ نو افراد تک کا ایک گروہ بن جاتا پھر وہ سب اس سے صحبت کرتے رہتے، جب وہ حاملہ ہو جاتی اور بچے کی ولادت ہوتی تو ولادت کے کچھ دن بعد وہ عورت ان سب لوگوں کو بلوا لیتی، کوئی آنے سے انکار نہ کرتا، جب سب جمع ہو جاتے تو کہتی: تمہیں اپنا حال معلوم ہی ہے، اور میں نے بچہ جنا ہے، پھر وہ جسے چاہتی اس کا نام لے کر کہتی کہ اے فلاں! یہ تیرا بچہ ہے، اور اس بچے کو اس کے ساتھ ملا دیا جاتا۔ نکاح کی چوتھی قسم یہ تھی کہ بہت سے لوگ جمع ہو جاتے اور ایک عورت سے صحبت کرتے، وہ کسی بھی آنے والے کو منع نہ کرتی، یہ بدکار عورتیں ہوتیں، ان کے دروازوں پر بطور نشانی جھنڈے لگے ہوتے، جو شخص بھی چاہتا ان سے صحبت کرتا، جب وہ حاملہ ہو جاتی اور بچہ جن دیتی تو سب جمع ہو جاتے، اور قیافہ شناس کو بلاتے، وہ جس کا بھی نام لیتا اس کے ساتھ ملا دیا جاتا، وہ بچہ اس کا ہو جاتا اور وہ کچھ نہ کہہ پاتا، تو جب اللہ تعالیٰ نے محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو نبی بنا کر بھیجا تو زمانہ جاہلیت کے سارے نکاحوں کو باطل قرار دے دیا سوائے اہل اسلام کے نکاح کے جو آج رائج ہے۔

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Aishah said “Saad bin Abi Waqqas and Abd bin Zamah disputed amongst themselves about the (relationship of the) son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and brought the case to the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم. Saad said “My brother ‘Utbah enjoined me that when I came to Makkah I should see the son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and take his possession for that is his son”. Abd bin Zam’ah said “He is my brother, the son of my father’s slave girl having been born on my father’s bed”. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم saw his clear resemblance to ‘Utbah. So he said “The child is attributed to the one on whose bed it is born and the fornicator is deprived of any right (lit. the fornicator will have the stone). Veil yourself from him, Saudah. Musaddad added in his version “he is your brother Abd”.

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Amr bin Shuaib on his father's authority said that his grandfather reported: A man got up and said: Messenger of Allah, so-and-so is my son; I had illicit intercourse with his mother in the pre-Islamic period. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: There is no unlawful claiming of paternity in Islam. What was done in pre-Islamic times has been annulled. The child is attributed to the one on whose bed it is born, and the fornicator is deprived of any right.

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Rabah said: My people married me to a Roman slave-girl of theirs. I had intercourse with her, and she gave birth to a black (male) child like me. I named it Abdullah. I again had intercourse with her, and she gave birth to a black (male) child like me. I named it Ubaydullah. Then a Roman slave of my people, called Yuhannah, incited her, and spoke to her in his own unintelligible language. She gave birth to a son like a chameleon (red). I asked her: What is this? She replied: This belongs to Yuhannah. We then brought the case to Uthman (for a decision). I think Mahdi said these words. He inquired from both of them, and they acknowledged (the facts). He then said to them: Do you agree that I take the decision about you, which the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم had taken? The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم decided that the child was to attributed to the one on whose bed it was born. And I think he said: He flogged her and flogged him, for they were slaves.

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Amr bin Shuaib on his father's authority said that his grandfather (Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As) reported: A woman said: Messenger of Allah, my womb is a vessel to this son of mine, my breasts, a water-skin for him, and my lap a guard for him, yet his father has divorced me, and wants to take him away from me. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: You have more right to him as long as you do not marry.

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Hilal ibn Usamah quoted Abu Maimunah Salma, client of the people of Madina, as saying: While I was sitting with Abu Hurairah, a Persian woman came to him along with a son of hers. She had been divorced by her husband and they both claimed him. She said: Abu Hurairah, speaking to him in Persian, my husband wishes to take my son away. Abu Hurairah said: Cast lots for him, saying it to her in a foreign language. Then her husband came and asked: Who is disputing with me about my son? Abu Hurairah said: O Allah, I do not say this, except that I heard a woman who came to the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم while I was sitting with him, and she said: My husband wishes to take away my son, Messenger of Allah, and he draws water for me from the well of Abu Inabah, and he has been good to me. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Cast lots for him. Her husband said: Who is disputing with me about my son? The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: This is your father and this your mother, so take whichever of them you wish by the hand. So he took his mother's hand and she went away with him.

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Narrated Ali ibn Abu Talib: Zayd ibn Harithah went out to Makkah and brought the daughter of Hamzah with him. Then Jafar said: I shall take her; I have more right to her; she is my uncle's daughter and her maternal aunt is my wife; the maternal aunt is like mother. Ali said: I am more entitled to take her. She is my uncle's daughter. The daughter of the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم is my wife, and she has more right to her. Zayd said: I have more right to her. I went out and journeyed to her, and brought her with me. The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم came out. The narrator mentioned the rest of the tradition. He (i. e. the Prophet) said: As for the girl, I decided in favour of Jafar. She will live with her maternal aunt. The maternal aunt is like mother.